U decide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U choose - Essay Example He demanded that if the exploration is fundamentally planned for carrying a fix to the current sicknesses, this won't cure the future wellbeing needs in light of the fact that similar ailments will continue repeating later on (Bostrom and Roache 3). In any case, Gregory expresses that, â€Å"the want to triumph over our own mortality is an old dream however it never stands alone† (Stock 9). This implies by concentrating on formation of a more grounded and more beneficial human species will require the exertion of the specialists and the whole populace to concentrate on applying the suitable innovation to guarantee that there is fulfillment of increases in the future of individuals and to guarantee that it hinders the pace of human maturing. He noticed that maturing is the primary driver of death of people in numerous countries and the specialists will productively manage this on the off chance that they center around improving the human species such that they become old without maturing and guaranteeing that they can live more. Individuals will accordingly stay fit and sound uncertainly. Stock likewise underpins his reserve clarifying that if scientists center around improving the wellbeing status of the human species, it will result to progress of wellbeing abilities guaranteeing that the physical capacities of the human species are improved. This will include improving the substantial limits including skill, quality, coordination and molding. He likewise contends that the enhancements in the human species will join traits of character improvement and however these conditions are not delegated infections, they will be a piece of the positive outcomes acquired from the procedure. A case of this will be that individuals who are urgent will turn out to be progressively loose and those that have a low confidence will turn out to be increasingly certain. Another positive outcome that Stock contended would result from the improvement of the human species would be the psychological limits. The subsequent

Birth Orders Effect on Personality Essay examples -- Birth Order Huma

Birth Order's Effect on Personality Birth-request could be one approach to increase a comprehension of companions, relatives and collaborators. Research has demonstrated that the birth-request in fact affects character. Birth-request obviously doesn't clarify everything about human conduct, character is likewise influenced by a wide range of components, for example, legacy, nature of the childhood, family size, instruction and so forth. There are four essential arrangements of birth-request: the most established, the main, the center and the most youthful conceived. Every ha its own arrangement of points of interest and detriments. The birth-request factor isn't generally careful, however it gives numerous pieces of information regarding why individuals are how they are (Leman, 1985). First-conceived kids will in general be profoundly energetic to accomplish. In school, first-borns will in general work harder for grades than later-borns do. They frequently develop to be progressively serious and have higher instructive and vocation objectives. Of the initial twenty-three space travelers sent into space, twenty-one were first-borns or just youngsters. A few qualities of first-borns are: objective setting, high achievers, stickler, mindful, sorted out, rule attendants, decided, detail orientated. Just youngsters are considered as a specific sort of first-borns. They are commonly described a lot of equivalent to first-borns who have kin. Some celebrated first-borns incorporate Mikhail Gorbachev (Russian pioneer), Jimmy Carter (president), Albert Einstein (researcher), Sally Ride (space traveler), and ...

Payday Loans and Legal Action What You Need to Know - OppLoans

Payday Loans and Legal Action What You Need to Know - OppLoans Payday Loans and Legal Action: What You Need to Know Payday Loans and Legal Action: What You Need to KnowInside Subprime: Feb 18, 2019By Grace AustinPayday loans may seem like one of the only options for those with bad credit who need cash quickly â€" but they also lead to a cycle of debt as borrowers deal with high interest and additional fees stacked on to their initial loans. And legal action can follow if a borrower doesn’t pay back the loans, making a potentially dire financial situation even worse.If a borrower stops making payments, a payday loan firm can take a borrower to court. But until those payments stop, many experts say that it’s almost impossible to be sued. However, it all depends on the wording in the payday loan contract.If a borrower does default on a loan with late or missed payments, then a lender can start tacking on additional fees and draining a borrower’s bank account. If a borrower is late enough, then those payday loans can be sent to a collection agency, which would mean hits to a borrower’s credit and frequent collection calls about paying back the debt.From there, the payday lenders, but most likely collection companies or law firms, could eventually sue a borrower. That’s because payday lenders often sell their accounts to debt collectors or attorneys for a fraction of the debt.Experts warn not to assume that a borrower will not be sued, even if the initial loan amount owed is a relatively small amount. That’s because through additional fees and court costs that figure can skyrocket.If a borrower is sued, most of the time, there are few legal options to fight against it, besides fraud, for example, like loans that were taken out unknowingly in a borrower’s name, or deceptive and illegal practices by the payday lender, which can be the case in states where payday loans are against the law.But experts encourage borrowers facing legal action to always show up for a court summons, and before that, to potentially try to negotiate with debt collectors before it does have t o go to court. Any negotiation with a debt collector should be in writing and should indicate the debt will be gone with whatever payments are settled on.The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau recommends not ignoring “a lawsuit summons or other notices from a court or the lender, or any court proceedings against you. If you ignore a lawsuit, you may lose the opportunity to fight a wage or bank garnishment.”Ignoring a summons when a borrower is sued or a judgment is ruled against the borrower could also lead to a warrant for that borrower’s arrest.The  CFPB recommends going to court and providing any required information, and potentially reaching out to a lawyer for help.So what if, as a borrower, you would like to pursue legal action against a payday lender? There are numerous instances of borrowers receiving money back from deceptive lenders, both individually and collectively.Payday lenders need to be licensed to do business, and laws regulating payday loans have become stricter in many states. A review of a borrower’s contract can help shed light on whether anything was illegal about a borrower’s payday loan, including being charged over legal interest rate caps or illegal fees.Payday lenders or debt collectors can also be guilty of violating laws against harassing phone calls. Debt collectors are not allowed to continue calling if a borrower explicitly tells them to stop calling.Some states have clear-cut instructions if a borrower does believe the lender has violated the law. In Michigan, for example, the attorney general says customers should contact them in writing and provide evidence. From there, the payday lender is required to find out if they did something illegal and move forward with certain steps.It’s also a good idea to consult with a lawyer or legal aid to see what options are available if a borrower suspects they’ve been duped by a disreputable payday lender.For more information on  payday loans, scams, and  cash advances  and  check out our city and state financial guides  including Florida, Illinois,  Texas  and more.Visit  OppLoans  on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIn

Essay on Marketing Branding

Essay on Marketing Branding Question 1: INTRODUCTION: Brand equity is developed when consumers are willing to pay more for a particular brand rather than its generic equivalent. It is important to develop positive brand meaning and people perceptions about brand to create brand equity. In this situation, presented brand by company, external brand communication, consumers experience with brand and company count in a lot to create total brand equity. Companies develop differently effective ways of secondary brand association to build brand equity. In this report, it has been discussed that how various companies develop the secondary brand association like Coca-Cola. The Cola-Cola company manufactures and markets a wide variety of beverages with around 500 nonalcoholic brands of beverages including sparkling and still beverages. The still beverages include water, juices, enhanced waters, juice drinks, coffees, teas, sport drinks and energy drinks. This company has used variety of effective ways to develop secondary brand association to gai n brand equity. In the end, report has presented the recommended ways to use secondary brand association more effectively so as to build up powerful brand equity. SECONDARY BRAND ASSOCIATION: Secondary brand association is defined as connecting a brand with any other business that may affect the creation of new brand associations with the businesses but also influence existing associations. It is more like a function of marketing-branding. Brand image, brand awareness and brand meaning have their direct impacts on brand equity. Secondary brand association transmits the equity of various businesses to the brand in consideration. Consumers judge the brand value on the basis of brand elements that are associated directly and primarily with the underlying product, for instance, physical features, packaging and colors, and instrumental characteristics. However, these judgments can also be based on secondary or indirect associations, which refer to associations related to businesses rather than directly connected to judge a product. These businesses include various companies, their countries of origin, distribution channels, spokesperson and brands. The connection of brand to the secondary entity or business causes to create secondary brand associations as this entity has its own image and knowledge structure in the minds of consumers. Therefore, in order to obtain brand value, consumer can borrow information from different information sources instead of a complete product itself. When quality of the product begi ns to create uniformity or when judgments comprise of low-involvement activities, secondary brand association becomes important. Currently, Keller (1998) described that in order to build well-organized brand building processes in extremely competitive marketplaces, it is mandatory to understand and identify cognitive factors that affect association process and brand-levering process which relates to the effects on consumers caused by associating a brand to a secondary entity. COCA-COLA BRAND: The Coca-Cola Company is a U.S. based beverage company that was incorporated on 5 September, 1919. The company manufactures and markets a wide variety of beverages with around 500 nonalcoholic brands of beverages including sparkling and still beverages. The still beverages include water, juices, enhanced waters, juice drinks, coffees, teas, sport drinks and energy drinks. The company is widely segmented in Africa and Eurasia, North America, Latin America, Europe, Pacific, Corporate and Bottling Investment. The Sparkling beverages of Coca-Cola Company count in Coca-Cola, Fanta, Sprite, Coca-Cola Light/ Diet Coke, Coca-Cola Zero, Inca Kola, Barq’s, Thums Up, Fresca and Schweppes. Nos, Burn and Real Gold come under the company’s energy drink categories whereas the category of juices and juice drinks incorporate Minute Maid, Dell Valle, Minute Maid Pulppy, Hi-C, Simply, Dobriy and Cappy. Coca-cola has intensified its still beverages category by adding vitamin water, glaceau and Fuze. On the other hand, teas and coffees segment include a wide range of teas like Leao / Matte Leao teas, Georgia coffees, Nestea teas, Ayataka teas, Dogadan teas and Sokenbicha teas. Its sports drinks include Aquarius and Powerade are its sports drinks. The Company incorporates Dasani, Ciel, Kinley, Bonaqua or Bonaqa, and Ice Dew brands in the category of Coca-Cola’s waters. Coca-Cola Company operates at international level in more than 200 countries (The Coca-Cola Company a, 2014), due to which its competitors include wide range of strong competitors from around the world. Competitors include Nestle, PepsiCo, Inc., Groupe Danone, Unilever, Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. and Kraft Foods Inc. The company’s operations are growing day by day and currently serve 1.9 billion people daily across the world (The Coca-Cola Company a, 2014). Its operating revenues were totaled as $46.9 billion in 2013 (The Coca-Cola Company b, 2014). SECONDARY BRAND ASSOCIATION BUILT BY THE COCA-COLA COMPANY: Hence to leverage brand equity, the Coca-Cola Company uses various convenient and successful ways to build secondary brand association. The following are the ways, company has built secondary brand association while introducing its new product Diet Coke in 1986. Country of Origin: The Coca-Cola, being an American multinational company, it generates favorable and strong brand associations to generate huge revenues for its new product. America is the most dominating market in the beverage industry which is recognized for carbonated drinks across the world. According to the Reputation Institution (2013), America has developed reputation of 57.4 on a scale of 100. Coca-Cola is ranked as the number 1 global brand which has proved that consumers have excellent knowledge about company and its brands. This signifies that consumers have a high level of familiarity and trust with the Coca-Cola Company and its brands which lead the consumers to react in a favorable way. Brand Extension: Developing extensions of the brand is far more favorable in terms of cost for the company than to produce a complete new product. Diet Coke is a successful example of brand extension that promoted from the brand franchise of the parent product, Coca-Cola. It has launched around six extensions and increases its market share without even substantial advertisements. This helped the company with regards to advertising and promotional activities, customer perceived image, distribution and consumption behaviour of consumers. Co-branding: Coca-Cola Company has used many other bodies to sell it products, for example, using Ford Mustang convertible, candy red 1966 in its summer campaign. Similarly, it used co-branding as a secondary brand association market approach again while introducing Diet Coke in the market. For this strategy, Jean Paul was appointed as creative director for its new brand (London, 2012). As Jean Paul is a famous luxury fashion designer, consumers relate this association with Diet Coke as a health and diet conscious brand. Coca-Cola successfully targeted young women and girls and linked them with fashion and style. Moreover, company also embraced advance technologies by offering Diet Coke coupons on every purchase of make-up tutorials at Facebook (Waltzer, 2012). To better associate Diet Coke campaign with style and fashion, company refreshed the brand image and made it appealing for individual fashionistas (Keller, 2012). Sponsorship: Diet Coke has been involved in numerous sponsorship activities around the world. Heart Truth Campaign has remained actively supported by Diet coke in association with the national heart and blood institute which contributed to brand equity. Coke also sponsored Ugly Betty as its secondary brand association strategy to enhance its brand awareness among its potential customers. According to 2012 report, Diet Coke also sponsored a TV show ‘Style to Rock’, produced by Rhianna which boosted the fashion awareness and discovered fashion creativity among people of London (Anon, 2012). On top of all that, Diet Coke has signed another sponsorship with Taylor Swift to improve its sales. Third Party: Diet Coke has improved its world-wide brand image due to its environmentally responsible operations (Keller, 2008). This has led to creating a positive and constructive perception and attitude of consumers towards Diet Coke. In addition, Lowe (2013) reported that Coca-Cola Company has won The Coveted Sustainable Pack annual prize at the UK Packaging Awards due to its plastic recyclable bottle plant. Distribution Channels: Company uses extensive means of distribution to make certain the availability of Diet coke everywhere. For instance, McDonalds, serving Diet Coke in white plastic cup and Pizza Express is serving drink in a glass bottle. Extensive distribution affects the perceptions of consumers and changes the purchasing behavior. RECOMMENDED WAYS TO USE SECONDARY BRAND ASSOCIATION TO DEVELOP BRAND EQUITY: Despite intellectual market strategies of Diet Coke regarding secondary brand association, there are many other ways to ensure secondary brand association so as to develop brand equity. Employees: Employees are the representatives of the company and so they are the sort of secondary brand association. Employees, particularly sales person and contractual dealers of the company need to be well aware of their customers’ perceptions, brand image, cultural, religious and traditional values of the customers. In this way, employees can give a constructive impression upon customers on behalf of the entire company. Moreover, well-dressed and behaved employees form a striking image of their company which tends to attract the potential customers. Endorsers: Celebrity endorsement is one of the best way to draw consumers’ attention towards Diet Coke. It can help Coca-Cola Company to re-shape the perceptions of its brands. People relate their feelings, judgments, and associate emotions with celebrities. Many people consume products so as just to get associated with their favorite celebrity somehow. Ingredient Branding: It is co-branding strategy in which company major attributes of one brand are incorporated as ingredients into another brand. Coca-Cola can increase brand equity by inferring a message to consumers about the shared quality of two brands in one. Also, this uniformity reduces risk while targeting new markets. Moreover, it gives an edge over others as product is highly differentiated firm others. However, it is necessary to use the unique logo of the ingredient on the host brand to stand distinctive. Licensing: It is an appropriate method to grab the attention of customers by using logos and names of reputable firms with owned brand under contractual agreement. For this, company would have to pay fixed fee but can benefit a great deal. For example, Coca-Cola using name of famous brands like five-star restaurants, fashion apparels, etc. CONCLUSION: Secondary brand association deals with connecting a brand with any other entity that may affect the development of new brand associations with the businesses but also influence existing associations. While introducing a new product ‘Diet Coke, the Coca-Cola Company has used successful ways to develop secondary brand association. Country of origin, co-branding, brand extension, sponsorship, third party, channel of distribution are the successful implementations of Coca-Cola Company to build brand equity for its new product ‘Diet Coke. As a result, now consumers accept Diet Coke as a low-calorie brand and associate with the style, fashion, diet and health. However, despite impressive market strategies, it is recommended that the Coca-Cola Company must use people, ingredient branding and licensing technique as well to create productive secondary branding association. Question 2: INTRODUCTION: As the world is transforming into a global village, the technology is upgrading with every second passed. This has altered the ways of doing businesses across the world. Some businesses have been able to cope up with the challenges, and some have failed ruthlessly in this corporate arena. The phase of failing and then vanishing from the market is called fading brand. In this section, a case of Myspace has been undertaken which is currently going through revitalizing process to earn back its prior position. Myspace is a social media website that has enjoyed its dominance over all other social media websites with the highest visiting members in the world up to the period of 2008. In 2006, Myspace reached its peak success with the most visitors and following audience in the United States. Then eventually in 2008, Facebook has replaced the brand equity of Myspace and claimed to be the most famous social networking website. Consequently, Myspace has lost its visitors, and thus the need of revitalizing arose. This section of the report has presented the reasons of revitalizing and efforts made by company to revitalize its brand equity, followed by suggestions to Myspace with respect to revitalization. FADING BRAND: Fading or losing brand refers to those brands that lose their identity in the course of profit generation activities. It is the phase of a brand in which it accumulates losses rather than generating profits. By word fading means losing, evaporating or vanishing. This clearly refers to something that has vanished and no more in existence. It is a failure of a company or brand that could not make enough profits to continue its operations and run its business in a competitive market. A brand fades and vanishes when it starts to lose its market share. Hence, the brands which start to lose its colors and die away need to revitalize their strategies, brands and company in order to recapture their core identity and customer value. INTRODUCTION OF MYSPACE: Myspace, a social media website, was launched in August 2003, where people can login and create their profile and perform their social activities such as live chatting, music, videos, etc. the company’s headquarter is located in Beverly Hills, California. With the outstanding growth, Myspace surpassed the user activity in 2004. It was the year when Facebook came into existence as its strong competitor. The company was established by Tom Anderson and Chris DeWolfe and later in 2005, News Corporation acquired the company for $580 million (Peterson, 2013). For the next three years, company enjoyed its dominance over all other social media websites with the highest visiting members in the world. In 2006, Myspace reached its peak success which went beyond highest visits more than Google and any other company in the United States. Eventually, its users started to scatter and turned to Facebook users. Later in 2008, Facebook has replaced the brand equity of Myspace and claimed to be the most famous social networking website. An actor and singer Justin Timberlake in association with Specific media brought the company huge revenues of $35 million which helped to increase the brand awareness by 72% in 2011 (Peterson, 2013). Also, the company undertook intensive layoffs which reduced the employees from 1600 to 200 only (Peterson, 2013). According to current reports, company has revived to generate higher income and increase its visitors. In 2013, Myspace tried to adjust the direction of the company image. Up to the last year, company had 25 million users only whereas its competitor Facebook had 1.11 billion users (Peterson, 2013). At this point, Myspace revitalized its strategies and changed its focus from social networking website to music media community. By then, company raised its U.S. visitors to 1 million in 2014 (Peterson, 2013). REVITALIZING BRAND EQUITY: Brand revitalizing refers to re-launching of brands that undertake complete change of a product or company which include logo, name, corporate culture, values, colors, image, in-fact from a wholesale to the heritage entity (Keller, Parameswaran and Jacob, 2011). Undoubtedly, this rebranding and revitalization intensively affect the perceptions of target market about the brand image. It is a process to reshape the image by giving it new name, alter its structure in order to increase revenues and generate profits. It is necessary to develop its positioning properly so as to generate constant growth of the brand to revitalize the brand. This enables companies to lead the market as well as achieve competitive edge in the market. The process of brand revitalization involves the recapturing of lost foundations of brand equity and determination and production of new foundations of brand equity. It is important to put some new life in a failing or fading brand instead of selling off or launching an entirely new brand. This signifies the concept of maintaining the company’s expertise and market leadership while staying meaningful to an ever-changing consumer audience and their demands. In order to sustain for a long run, it is mandatory for businesses to keep in view the past and positive eye to the future. Through revitalization, company can enhance its brand value and attract more potential customers. Thus, this will help to increase sales volume with positive brand image. REASONS FOR REVITALIZING THE BRAND: The central reasons why a Myspace should go through revitalization process are as follows: Relevance: Brands have to be updated as according to the changing customer needs. Myspace has lost its relevancy with their target market with respect to their services, convenience, accessibility, technology, changing customers’ perceptions and trends. Competition: With the emergence of strong competitors like Facebook, Myspace required to come up with some new offerings in order to attract the potential customers. Revitalizing can help the company to hinder competitors by providing quality services. Globalization: Since numerous social media websites were being created with unique specifications than ever before, it was significant for the company to rebrand itself and bring some new specification in their services to cater large audience. Innovation: Technological change is a major reason behind failure or success of the brand. It depends on the company how well it can cope up with the technological revolution. Myspace involves in business that deals with internet, software, hardware and the products which frequently innovates. Such companies need to rebrand and alter their operations with a greater extent. Repositioning: Repositioning can be another reason that causes the company to revitalize its brand. In this case, company introduces some major changes in brands to capture the new position in the market. For instance, shifting from economy prices to premium prices. Rationalization: This refers to the process of rebranding in order to counter lower profits or losing customer value. Myspace was encountering decline in customer visits and thus its profits, revitalizing the brand is the best way out to decrease operational cost and enhance profits. Outgrowth: When companies are growing into large entities, they need frequently to rebrand or revitalize its brands to satisfy the changing needs of customers. Myspace also needed to rebrand to meet the requirements of increased audience, and industry expansion. CHARACTERIZE THE EFFORTS OF MYSPACE TO REVITALIZE ITS BRAND EQUITY: After analyzing the strong need of revitalizing the brand, Myspace incorporated some major changes in the brand and brand strategies to improve its brand equity. The efforts of Myspace at revitalizing brand equity are listed as follows: Company changed its styling in brand name which used to denote MySpace with capital S in the middle before revitalization. In 2011, company changed the S into lower case, now the brand name is written as Myspace. After revitalizing, 72% of the people recognized the brand name. Myspace is still looking to appeal these 72% by offering quality and competitive services (Wesson, 2012). Myspace is putting its efforts to introduce revitalized brand into an expanded industry and competitive market. Company is largely focusing on new ideas; concepts to make Myspace totally different from previous one. It has widely ignored the ideas that were associated with the old Myspace. Company has increased its focus on music related stuffs and developed it as the most distinguishing factor of the company. Company has developed the site to maintain music orientation. Company has recently signed with the four well-renowned music labels along with over 20,000-self-regulating labels. Company is now aiming to introduce original profiles of celebrities like Lady Gaga and Angelina Jolie with encyclopedic information about them. This will make easier for follower to navigate them (Swartz, n.d.). Playdom, a social gaming firm, has helped Myspace to give a boost to its gaming sector. Company has launched various games including Wild Ones, Shoot- ‘em up and many other with the intention to increase game users from 30% to at least 50% (Swartz, n.d.). Myspace has created effective entertainment news services regarding music, movies, entertainment and other relevant entertainment stuff through constant Twitter posts Facebook statuses. SUGGESTIONS FOR THE BRAND REVITALIZATION: In order to revitalize its brand equity effectively, some suggestions have been offered to Myspace which are as follow: The company Myspace should introduce and implement co-branding strategy with other prominent music companies for example Apples’s iTunes. This initiative can make website more appealing than any other amongst a music follower community. Subsequently, it will help the company to bring more audience and increase brand equity. Set a platform for upcoming or emerging talent around the world to post their created music and videos related to music directly, like youtube offers. This will increase the brand awareness among music lovers with every single second pass. Moreover, this will help out producers to look for new talent online by viewing videos and music of new talent. Continue to generate new ideas regarding appealing web development and employ them on the company’s site frequently. The ideas must be relevant to music to attract music interested community. Company can successfully redevelop a strong brand image amongst its customers and potential customers by enforcing innovation and continuous development. Expand the market in music and videos capitals Focus on brand exclusively to developing the brand into most desirable one. CONCLUSION: Revitalizing refers to giving a new life to the dying brand by changing brand related strategies, altering brand appearance, bringing innovation in the processes and making the system more technologically sound. This helps to regain the brand value which was lost due to some failures in the operations. Through revitalization, company can enhance its brand value and attract more potential customers. Thus, this will help to increase sales volume with positive brand image. As the business operations began to fade, Myspace ultimately thought of revitalizing the brand equity. Company has changed the styling of its brand name to gain its value back. Some the strategies used by the company include uploaded the profiles of world’s famous musicians with their bio-data, offered innovative services such as entertainment news, developed the site more like music oriented site, launched online games and much more. As a result, this helped the company to increase the number of visitors with one million in just one year. References Anon. (2012). Rihanna and Diet Coke Ready to Rock. Sky Media, Available from: http://www.skymedia.co.uk/_news/rihannadiet-coke-ready-to-rock.aspx [Accessed 26 July 2014]. Grace, D., O’cass, A. (2002). Brand associations: looking through the eye of the beholder.  Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal,  vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 96-111. Keller, K. (1998). Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity. NJ: Pearson Education. Keller, K. L. (2008). Leveraging Secondary Brand Associations To Build Brand Equity. In: Parker, D Strategic Brand Management. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Keller, K. L., Parameswaran, M. G., Jacob, I. (2011).  Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. Pearson Education India. Keller, K.L Aperia, T Georgson, M. (2012). Using Secondary Brand Associations To Build Brand Equity: Strategic Brand Management A European Perspective. 2nd ed. England: Prentice Hall. pp. 314-373. London, B. (2012). Jean Paul Gaultier Joins The New Tattoo Trend With New Diet Coke Bottle Creations.  Daily Mail, Available from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2164810/Jean-Paul-Gaultier-joins-tattoo-trend-new-diet-coke-bottle-creations.html [Accessed 25 July 2014] Lowe, L. (2013). Coke’s Recyclable Plastic Bottle Wins Award (Infographic). Available from: http://www.coca-colablog.com/environment/cokes-recyclable-plastic-bottle-wins-award-infographic/ [Accessed 23 July 2014]. Peterson, T. (2013). MySpaces Music-Centered Relaunch Turned Up Volume, But Is Anybody Listening?. Adage, Available from: http://adage.com/article/special-report-music-and-marketing/myspace-relaunch-turned-volume-listening/244361/ [Accessed 25 July 2014]. Reputation Institution. (2013). Canada Has The World’s Best Reputation According To Reputation Institute’s 2013 Country Reptrakâ„ ¢ Study. Available from: http://www.reputationinstitute.com/frames/events/2013_Country_RepTrak_Press_Release_Final.pdf [Accessed 25 July 2014] Swartz, J. (n.d.). Once-fading MySpace Focuses on Youthful Reincarnation. Monster, Available from: http://mediabuzz.monster.com/news/articles/895-once-fading-myspace-focuses-on-youthful-reincarnation [Accessed 25 July 2014]. The Coca-Cola Company a. (2014). Coca-Cola At A Glance. Retrieved July 9, 2014, from http://www.coca-colacompany.com/careers/who-we-are-infographic The Coca-Cola Company b. (2014). Infographic and Video:  Coca-Cola  At A Glance. Retrieved July 9, 2014, from http://www.coca-colacompany.com/our-company/infographic-coca-cola-at-a-glance Waltzer, M. (2012). Diet Coke Sees Fashionable Benefit to Co-Branding. Brand Channel, Available from: http://www.brandchannel.com/home/post/2012/01/13/Diet-Coke-Benefit-Fashion-Campaign-011312.aspx [Accessed 26 July 2014]. Wesson, M. (2012). Breakthrough Marketing Strategy Lessons From†¦ Myspace?. Business 2 Community, Available from: http://www.business2community.com/marketing/breakthrough-marketing-strategy-lessons-from-myspace-0309101#!blCv8k [Accessed 25 July 2014]

Should Pet Therapy Be Effective At Alleviating Stress And...

Pet therapy is more effective at alleviating stress and anxiety through emotional and physiological support than other therapies. Pet therapy has been shown to improve the mood of an individual by reducing stress in a high stress environment such as a hospital, as shown by Creating a Therapeutic and Healing Environment with a Pet Therapy, a study by Dr. Amanda Coakley, program designed around an existing pet therapy program. The study set out to evaluate the effectiveness of pet therapy programs in improving â€Å"behavioral, and mood outcomes and experiences of hospitalized patients† and hypothesized that â€Å"patients who received†¦ pet therapy visit[s] would have lower vital signs, less pain, more energy, and better mood†. The study measured†¦show more content†¦Karen Allen, multiple trials were conducted to answer a similar question. The first trial involved three groups: participants with a friend, participants with a pet, and the control group which involved a participant, but neither a friend nor a pet. Participants from each group were asked to solve complex arithmetic problems. The results indicate that the blood pressure of individuals who solved the arithmetic problems in front of their friends â€Å"increased on average from 120/80mmHg to 155/100†. While those who â€Å"had only their pets present†¦ increased slightly to 125/83mmHg†. In addition, the participants of the study who had pets present were less likely to give up on the arithmetic problems, performed faster, and were more accurate than those whose friends were present and the control group. The findings of Allen’s first trial are supported by a similar study by Dr. Robert Matchock to determine â€Å"if the presence of a dog†¦ could attenuate the [heart rate] and cortisol response during a social stressor†. During Dr. Matchock’s study, The presence of a dog attenuates cortisol and heart rate in the Trier Social Test compared to human friends, the participants filled out the most recent revision of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to measure state anxiety as well as trait anxiety. All participants were tasked with preparing for, and subsequently participating in a mock interview for anShow MoreRelatedThe European Society Of Animal Assisted Therapy7053 Words   |  29 PagesThe European Society of Animal-Assisted Therapy (ESAAT) defines Canine Assisted Therapy (C.A.T) as deliberately planned pedagogic, psychological and socially integrative intervention with animals for children, youths, adults and senior citizens with cognitive, social-emotiona l and motoric disabilities, and behavioural problems, and for focused support. It also includes health-promoting, preventive and rehabilitative measures. C.A.T takes place individually and within a group setting e.g. in therapeuticRead MoreThe European Society Of Animal Assisted Therapy7002 Words   |  29 PagesThe European Society of Animal-Assisted Therapy (ESAAT) defines Canine Assisted Therapy (C.A.T) as deliberately planned pedagogic, psychological and socially integrative intervention with animals for children, youths, adults and senior citizens with cognitive, social-emotional and motoric disabilities, and behavioural problems, and for focused support. It also includes health-promoting, preventive and rehabilitative measures. C.A.T takes place individually and within a group setting e.g. in therapeuticRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 PagesCOGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD This page intentionally left blank COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD DAVID A. 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This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material

Sternberg s Triarchic Theory Of Human Intelligence

Sternberg s Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence History of the Intelligence Theory The history of Sternberg s Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence can be traced back to 1977, 1985, and 1995. Robert Sternberg s principal proponent of this intelligence theory. He developed the theory when he was teaching at the Yale University. His aim was to establish how education could enhance creative intelligence (experiential), analytical intelligence (componential), and the practical intelligence (contextual). The analytical component helps students to break down the problem, process the information, and solve it. Analytical skills are essential since they help the student to compare different social issues and make an informed conclusion.†¦show more content†¦In 2003, he served as the President of the American Psychological Association. Sternberg has made a significant contribution to psychology, having written more than 1,600 articles and several books. Research supporting the validity of the theory. There have been several studies that seek to test the validity and reliability of the Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory. In one study Sternberg (2000), examined how the method of delivery of content in school affected academic performance. The conducted study was in Raleigh, North Carolina and another one in Baltimore, Maryland, and Fresno, California. The student sample in Raleigh, North Carolina was mostly from low-income families, totaling 225. The other sample was of students from middle to upper-middle class families, totaling 142. The test involved teaching by using three primary methods. In the first one, students had no interventions with the teaching, with the main purpose was to memorize. In the second group was taught how to analyze the information. In the final group had applied the analytical, creativity, and practical strategies for the teaching. The students tested, and the last group (infused creativity, analytical, and practical interventions) outperformed the rest . Similar studies have same yield results, which demonstrates the validity of Sternberg s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Grigorenko,Show MoreRelatedThe Difficulties in Defining and Measuring Intelligence2390 Words   |  10 PagesIN DEFINING AND MEASURING INTELLIGENCE Intelligence can be described in many ways with many tests focusing on an individual’s cognitive abilities and failing to account for the social and practical aspects of intelligence. Tests to measure intelligence vary immensely and test different types of intelligence; such as Emotional Intelligence, which has proved popular in more recent years. Although researchers are unable to agree upon a general definition of intelligence they do agree that thereRead MoreIntelligence And Concepts Of Modern Day Society1721 Words   |  7 Pagesadvanced findings can attest past concrete research that has come to a conclusion. Intelligence and concepts alike categorized as evolutionary fugues, the vast, detailed state of the brain and it s understanding is still being processed and heavily evaluated. Chances are you may have heard terms brainiac, smarty pants, genius the list goes on, these are some names associated with someone with alto intelligence. Most might perceive persons of in tellect as renown people with endless information aboutRead MoreThe Intelligence Theories Of Intelligence1695 Words   |  7 PagesIntelligence as defined by the Cambridge dictionary is the ability to learn, understand, and make judgments or have opinions that are based on reason.1 There is much debate and controversy on this subject and psychologists do not all agree upon a standard definition. Yet, one of the very first definitions of intelligence was developed by the psychologists responsible for the development of the first intelligence test, Binet and Simon (1905) who argued that the essence of intelligence is: ‘to judgeRead MoreHow Different Psychologists Defined Intelligence935 Words   |  4 PagesPsychologists Defined Intelligence For many people, the definition of intelligence on an individual is that whom stand out based on their educational accomplishments,ability to perform a hard fast fast and efficiently, and clever remarks. 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Organisational Behaviour and Management Motivation and Self Regulati

Question: Describe about the Organisational Behaviour and Management for Motivation and Self Regulation. Answer: The Incident This case study incident focuses on my efforts I put while organising the silver jubilee anniversary celebration for my uncle and aunt. It was the time of December when my uncle and aunt completed 25 glorious years of their marriage and wished to celebrate the event in a large scale. They gave me a call a month before the celebration about them wanting me to organise and coordinate things properly. They have so much faith in me I thought to myself and started looking for ideas that would make their celebration special. As I was busy working in the office in the daytime, I only got time to handle the event after my work. After the days work, it was tiring to make innumerable calls, and assemble the different components required for the event such as flowers, decorations, catering, music, stage performance, guest invitation cards, return gift ideas and much more. It was mentally as well as physically exhausting to find the best rates by talking to different people daily. This is not going to be easy I thought to myself while taking a moment for myself. I needed to find the best rates possible as there were many competitors in the market. However, I also needed assurance in quality at all stages. Their belief in me motivated me to do the job they had given me in the best manner I could. I did not want to spend their money on useless things, and make the best out of the money they were willing to spend. In a couple of days, I started putting things in order, prepared checklist for my own convenience. I maintained a file of contacts and confirmations of the tasks that were in my control. I usually spent my weekends resting or hanging out with my friends and family. As there were only four weeks left, I had to work harder because in a short amount of time, it was difficult to prepare everything in the best manner. As soon as I got over with tasks such as flower selections, cake design, guest invitation card design and other similar confirmations, I communicated the same to my uncle so that he could get the invitations printed. They appreciated me for my dedication. I reached my uncles town three day before the event to coordinate things. I had taken a leave from my office to ensure that my uncle and aunt have the best day of their life. The day had come when everything was put up as I wanted it to be. My uncle and aunt could not thank me enough for the arrangements. It gave me inner happiness and joy to receive such tremendous appreciation. Personal Reflections on the Incident This case study has been a positive experience as it unleashed my potential and allowed me to put extra effort. I have never been under such immense pressure when my office work has been at its peak, and at the same time organising a huge social event. In the case study, I have revealed my shortcomings and instability I faced while managing both work and family together. When it comes to work, I am very strict about it. I believe in maintaining a healthy work-life balance, but due to the pressure faced while managing the work as well as social life equally helped me in exploring new level of my capabilities. I have learnt that in times of stress and pressure, one must not lose calm. I kept my tolerance level high and worked hard that helped me in gaining appreciation from my uncle, aunt as well as my parents and friends. After gaining the appreciation, I found all my efforts totally worth my time as I got appreciated. After putting small parts of the event at the right place, my uncles appreciation kept me motivated to perform better. Despite the work pressure, I did not make excuses for not taking care of the anniversary event, as the appreciation gave me inner happiness. It takes inner strength to face the challenges and turn them into positive experiences. My friends and family have supported me the entire time that teaches me a lesson of being with the people who value my efforts. Affirmations helped me in boosting my focus and improving determination. The motivation also helped me in believing in myself and increasing self-esteem. Applying Theory to the Incident The following discussion applies expectancy theory related to the Effort- Performance relationship. Expectancy theory was propounded by Victor Vroom that stresses on the motivation of an individual and that leads to better performance (Robbins, Millett and Waters-Marsh 2014, p232-3). Expectancy is termed as the faith that would that the results would be better with increased motivation (Schunk and Zimmerman 2012). The effort-performance relationship establishes the relationship between an individuals efforts being recognised while appraising efforts (Hsu, Shinnar and Powell 2014, p121). I would argue that the motivation helped in enhancing my performance. Valence is the importance of the individual putting upon the expected outcomes (Robbins, Millett and Waters-Marsh 2014, p232-3). In my case, I have high effort-performance expectancy in which my efforts lead to better performance. Putting the theory into practice, I argue that the performance shall be better with increased faith. I did not have any extrinsic rewards related with the organization of event for my uncle and aunt. However, I value intrinsic motivation. I might not be able to put significant efforts if I am not motivated by the people around me. At first I was unsettled because of the pressure faced by my office and social life as I lacked self-esteem. With the motivation of my family and friends, I was motivated to manage things in a better way. I learnt to manage my time and stress levels in a better manner and thus established the fact of the relationship between effort and performance. The previous discussion uses referenced theory about motivation, effort and performance from a personal case study. It is established that my level and willingness to perform depends upon the motivation level. List of References Hsu, D.K., Shinnar, R.S. and Powell, B.C., 2014. Expectancy Theory and Entrepreneurial Motivation: A Longitudinal Examination of the Role of Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 26(1), p.121. Robbins, S., Millett, B. and Waters-Marsh, T., 2014. Organisational behaviour. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Schunk, D. and Zimmerman, B., 2012. Motivation and self-regulated learning. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Ruiz v. Estelle Essay Example

Ruiz v. Estelle Essay In 1974, the petition was Joined by seven other inmates and became a class action suit known as Uric v. Estelle. The trial ended in 1979 with the ruling that the conditions of imprisonment within the DC prison system constituted cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the United States Constitution, with the original report Issued In 1980, a 118 page decision by Judge William Justice. There followed decades of further litigation In the form of consent decrees, appeals and other legal actions, until a final Judgment was rendered In 1992. But problems In enforcement continued, and in 1 996 U. S. Congress enacted the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLEA) to address these issues as well as abuse of the prison litigation process. However, in October 1 997, the district court, still not satisfied with the compliance of the DC, gave permission for continuing site visits by attorneys and experts for the inmate class, and this continued into 1999. In response to this, the DC issued more than 450,000 pages of evidence and accepted 50 additional site visits. In 2001, the court found that the DC was in compliance on the issue of use of Orca against inmates and had adequate policies and procedures in place. However, the court continued to have issues with the current and ongoing constitutional violations regarding administrative segregation In the conditions of confinement and the practice of using administrative segregation to house mentally Ill Inmates that It found. Judge Justice ordered sweeping and dramatic changes in the states prison system. Texas officials filed appeals that lead to reversing parts of Justices 1980 ruling. An agreement was reached that there would be a 95 percent prison capacity, he separation of hardcore offenders from other inmates, the hiring of more prison guards and improving of the medical treatment of prisoners. Judge Justice had an iron hand on the oversight of the prison system until 1994, and maintained limited control until 2003. To comply with the 95 percent cap, prisoners were given early releases for good behavior and others, usually nonviolent criminals, served only a fraction of their prison sentences. In 2007, In the consolidated case of Jones v. Bock the U. S. Supreme Court, In a unanimous decision, set forth limitations on the extent of prison allotting. The states rapidly growing population meant that even If crime rates stayed the same, the Texas prison system would need much greater capacity. Aerogram. At the time of the Uric trial the state operated Just eighteen prison facilities for approximately 25,000 inmates. In the late sass and early sass the state built an additional eighty-nine units of varying sizes and types to accommodate more than 140,000 prisoners. New units have continued to come on line over the past decade to accommodate a state prison population whose number s have leveled off at approximately 142,000. Work Cited Jackson, Bruce. We will write a custom essay sample on Ruiz v. Estelle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ruiz v. Estelle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ruiz v. Estelle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Criminal Justice Approaches to Paedophilic Sex Offenders Essays

Criminal Justice Approaches to Paedophilic Sex Offenders Essays Criminal Justice Approaches to Paedophilic Sex Offenders Essay Criminal Justice Approaches to Paedophilic Sex Offenders Essay The article Criminal Justice Approaches to Paedophilic Sex Offenders by Martha Kleinhans (2002) is one of a particularly topical nature at present. Not only does Kleinhans attempt to wrestle with an inherently taboo subject matter, she does so with fastidious ability, drawing conclusions, evaluation and criticism throughout the piece. The article, written in 2002, came just after a great deal of media interest in the trial of Roy Whiting, who was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Sarah Payne, and thus contains both reference to recent headline news as well as evaluation concerning current legislation and parliamentary acts. Due to this occurrence and topical agenda, articles of this nature and subject matter have flooded the market with reference to all manner of areas concerning paedophilic sex offenders. It would therefore seem probable that this article may have nothing specific to offer in the way of insights into this field. However, this does not prove to be the case, as Kleinhans raises some valuable sociological discourses and covers ground that would not be expected to be standard of this subject matter. Within the opening few lines of the article, Kleinhans states that the main agenda within the piece is addressed to the over reactions of the public towards paedophillic sex offenders, and the impulsiveness of legislation systems to bring about justice and retribution. This initial statement enables Kleinhans to diversify her argument into several different areas within the topic of criminal justice studies, but also to use it as a platform with which other statements can be made in reference. From this, the article firstly attempts to identify the distinctions that have been imposed between childhood and adulthood. This is inherently a difficult task, and as Kleinhans states, it firstly requires exploring two underlying assumptions about the child: first, the innocence of the child and, second, the asexuality of the child (2002 p 234). Yet, the disadvantage of assumption is that it is not necessarily based on truths, and is therefore liable to subjective interpretation and thus can be misleading. Kleinhans accepts this view, and goes on to investigate the extent to which the innocence and asexuality of the child transpire. These two topics are dealt with individually, and Kleinhans concludes that the innocence of the child is not necessarily the case. Although society wishes to perceive the child and childhood as innocent, the pervasiveness of juvenile offenders is enough to allow this area to become deceptive. Thus leading to an ambiguity between childhood and innocence. However, although this may be the case, this ambiguity is not enough to detract from the moral separation of children from adults (Kleinhans 2002, p234). Yet, this view is not necessarily echoed in contemporary legislation. As criminal justice systems categorise offenders in terms of age, with the separation of adult, juvenile and young offenders, it has become increasingly clear that the child is not necessarily innately innocent and the separation between childhood and adulthood, in terms of real world consequences, is becoming ever more entwined. Kleinhans then moves to deal with the second issue concerning child, namely the perceived asexuality that comes with childhood. Kleinhans argues that this is again a social separator of childhood from adulthood, with sexuality conceivably being a defining factor of the end of the childhood stage. As with innocence, asexuality of childhood is likely to misleading, it is unlikely that children remain total naive to sexuality, despite the best attempts of others. This argument is then furthered with the discussion that the emphasis placed on the repression of childhood sexuality is infact constructing sexual beings that need to be regulated. An idea, which again produces inconsistencies and contradictions, thus affecting our notion of childhood sexuality and the separation of the child from the adult. After considering the various issues concerning the child, the article moves on to examine the aspects of punishment inflicted on the paedophilic sex offender. Kleinhans discussion centres around the distinction between corporal and carceral punishment. She argues that modern criminal justice approaches have moved away from corporal punishment systems to more carceral-based systems, but also argues the benefits of a more dualist or holistic approach. This then emphasises the punishment on both the body and the soul, a case of addressing both sides of person in order to rectify the whole. After this initial identification of contemporary justice systems, Kleinhans then considers the logistics surrounding incarceration for paedophilic sex offenders. This takes the form of the virtual and civilised prison. Kleinhans uses these terms to identify the differing facets of imprisonment while not actually incarcerated within the prison, thus transversing the methods used while in prison to the offender upon release. The virtual prison describes the way in which after release, methods have been applied to the offender in order to keep them under surveillance. Methods of electronic tagging and registry systems have all been used in this way, this creates a virtual prison, in which, although not actually incarcerated, the offender is still subjected to the monitoring and surveillance which were afforded while in prison. The civilised prison refers to the civilised nature in which punishment is administered. The nature of imprisonment provides a way of governing punishment away from the public in a civilised manor. Yet, with public attention being paramount when concerned with paedophilia, this civilised manor is almost eradicated as the punishment of the offender becomes an ever more increasingly public spectacle. Kleinhans concludes her argument with a discussion of the offender and the community, in which she comments on the exclusionary tactics employed by the community in order to rid themselves of an offender in their location. This idea echoes the notion of the virtual prison, in which offenders are excluded from society to such a degree that it is almost impossible for them to begin the road away from deviance, and are thus once again in isolation. In order to evaluate the article to a greater degree, it is necessary to look at the work within a wider context. This refers to evaluating the piece within the dimensions of deviance within a sociological perspective, and thus, this area should be looked at in greater detail. The definition of deviance is slightly problematic as there is no set definition or description for this term. However, deviance can be explained as a relative phenomena, in which it can only be related to a standard, which is no means fixed or absolute. Due to this, deviance is socially constructed, and what is seen as deviant in one culture may be considered the norm for another. Perhaps one of the most dominant perspectives within the field of deviance is that of functionalism. This takes the view that deviance occurs due to the nature of society, rather than an individual trait. Merton (1938) argued that deviant behaviour could be explained as a function of the properties of social systems rather than physiological or psychological discrepancies. This description of deviant behaviour fits in with Kleinhans view that the community in which the offender is relocated to provide the right conditions for deviant behaviour to reoccur, thus society is constructing the dimensions in which deviance can facilitate. During 2001, a great deal of media coverage became apparent after the murder of Sarah Payne, from this, a great wave of communal reaction occurred resulting in legislation being passed. Sarahs law called for tighter controls on known paedophilic sex offenders and gave way to a great host of clauses concerning this area. This vast public reaction had several consequences, not only did it bring this paedophilic sex offender into the public eye, but some of the methods and restrictions employed by the law had negative effects. Drury (2002) claimed that the anti-paedophile mobs were pushing these offenders underground and out of a sphere in which they could be controlled. Pank (2001) also suggested that this might be the case, and also added that registration systems may result in some unforeseen circumstances, in particular, making it more accessible for other offenders to contact each other. This view again sits with the idea of socially constructed crime, as society is producing the guidelines for which deviance can take hold. One further view of deviance is that held by the internationalist approach. Becker (1963) states that social groups create deviance by the making of rules whose infraction constitutes deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders (1963 p9). This view can be applied to paedophilic sex offenders, as the public labelling of these offenders as paedophiles defines this individual and places upon some certain character evaluation. Becker also wields the idea of a self-fulfilling prophecy, in that the label applied to the offender becomes the over-riding statute and thus controlling, therefore the label administered to the offender becomes one of a truthful nature as it is accepted by the person. Kleinhans article also shares this view, as Becker argues that the public treatment of a deviently labelled individual denies them an ordinary existence, they are then almost required to develop unlawful practices. This is also echoed in the registry programme employed in certain countries in order to monitor paedophilic sex offenders. This public labelling imposes the character evaluation of a paedophile onto the offender; an example of this is produced by Itzen (2001), where it is argued that paedophilia and child sex abuse have become inextricably linked within the public eye, even though this link may not be true of the majority. Therefore, this labelling process produces those who are thus excluded from society, resulting in the adoption of criminal or deviant routines. It lastly comes to the evaluation of the article. Within the abstract and introduction to the piece, Kleinhans identifies her aims for the article as a whole. She states that the work itself is addressed to the (over) reactions of the public (2002 p233), and that the underlying concepts that seem central to the discussion of paedophilic sex offenders are produced in order to evaluate the contemporary punishment and legal systems for these crimes. Thus, as the title of the article suggests, Kleinhans main argument pivots around the discussion of punishment systems for paedophilia and thus attempts to shed new light on the discourse and practice (2001 p233) of these systems. The article does indeed reflect upon these punishment issues to a great degree, and this argument provides the bulk of material within the piece. It could therefore be said that the article does achieve the initial aims put forward by Kleinhans. She looks at and examines the peripheral aspects to which paedophilia is concerned, such as the moral separation of the child from the adult in both innocence and naivety as well as sexual beings, thus introducing the inconsistencies in our morals and behaviour towards this area of human nature. After dealing with these underlying concepts, she moves on to discuss the punishment systems in place for paedophilic sex offenders and looks beyond the characteristic view of the prison, and applies these inferences to the outside world. By doing so, the article looks at a greater scope of punishment than just the basic corporal or carceral systems, and looks at how the community also employs punishment tactics to offenders. The research used within the article is generally up to date, and employs current legislation to further arguments made. It also seem to be well referenced with every point or argument presented being backed up with empirical studies. However, with the topic being of such current debate, the article, in general, does not produce any new findings on this. Yet, it does prove to be of aid in the clarification of this subject. Thus the article can be criticised in not fully achieving its initial aims, but Kleinhans does provide a compelling argument with sound debate and so the piece is not without its merits. The article itself appears well written and documented, and incorporates a vast scope of features concerning many areas of this subject matter. The work appears objective without being over clinical and employs various approaches and theories of a sociological nature to further the comments made. Kleinhans takes a different view on an intrinsically tender subject, and looks in detail and the punishment systems upon the offender as well as the effect the community has on the deviance. In her own conclusion, she expresses a wish to shed some light on the punishment of sex offenders, and I believe the article has done that. By looking at the system outside of the prison walls, the article does provide a description of this matter that is not generally attenuated to. Although not providing any groundbreaking new views or theories, the articles different take on this subject matter aids in the clarification of the this topic.

Trade Policy, Firm Behavior, and Economic Development in Vietnam Case Study

Trade Policy, Firm Behavior, and Economic Development in Vietnam - Case Study Example The key determinant of Vietnam’s trade policy is the 1986 Doi Moi Renovation Policy, which sought to shift the country from the left to a middle position in terms of economic and governance policy system. Under Doi Moi, the government has two positions; the first is to transform the economy from a centrally planned one to a free market economy and the second is to promote export oriented industries (Auffret 2). The transformation of the nation’s economy was done by the devalution of the currency, breaking state-owned monopolies, privatization and the development of trade policy instruments like tariffs, quotas and licensing. The nation also has mechanisms that seek to support export oriented industries like manufacturing industies. The nation has pegged its currency, the Dong to world market prices and it is fixed by the forces of demand and supply. Due to this, prices of goods and services are standardized. This makes it propitious for the elements of the market economy to function effecitvely and efficiently. Vietnam has a trade policy that supports the establisment of private sector companies. This is done through an incentive structure that utilizes tax discrimination to support some private ventures particularly export-oriented manufacturers (Athukoralan). With strengthened structures within the country, Vietnam seeks to expand its influence into other nations around the globe through multilateral and bilateral trade arrangements with other countries. These policies are meant to create a conducive atmosphere for international trade and also create an unending trend of demand for Vietnamese goods around the globe. Vietnam is a member of ASEAN which gives it economic links with its neigbhbors and causes it to follow the collective actions of these nations to protect national interests. It is also a member of the World Trade Organization which in turn

Cross Cultural Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cross Cultural Management - Assignment Example The Interactive Ochre –Newsflash not only increase but also promote cultural awareness of the people in the Aboriginal culture and issues as one of Australia’s indigenous cultures. Nevertheless, a lot of effort needs to be emphasized based on beliefs and culture, even though countries have come a long way to go. Considerably, it is necessary to look at the beliefs, values, ideas, and attitudes that the Aboriginal people indigenous cultures think about as members of society. In addition, to the material object of their cultures that finally shape up the normative patterns of Aboriginal people behavior more specifically the Anangu people. Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park holds a traditional belief system of the Anangu people as it remains one of the most visited parks in Australia. Even though, Anangu is an Aboriginal community that resides next to and within Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, they hold closely to their cultural tie with the park as they pay extra attention to anything that happens within the park as they remain as custodians (Australian Government, 2006, p.11). As taught through the lyrics they respect the park as stipulated by their ancestors through the Tjukurpa as they seek not to be judged from the color of their skin but from knowing more from the beauty within their heritage in the park. More so, for the Anangu community some of the cultural elements as they work and interact with non-Aboriginal people is characterized and guided by their beliefs, values, ideas and attitudes that have a long history from their ancestors Tjukaritja. As a result, some sensitive cultural issues are evident that affect the existence of relationships between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in present-day society. Through the culture of the Aboriginal community, an individual is able to identify the heritage and worldview of the Anangu people based on the conservation of the park. Most of the practices carried out by the Anangu people are influence d by their culture that they adopted from the ancestors. As the custodians of their ancestors who have lived in Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park area for at least 22,000 years, they learn about aspects of their culture that they have never seen or heard. More significantly, individuals from the Anangu people follow the example of their elders, as they remain associated with various ceremonies attributed to various types of plants and food (Holden, 2011 p. 105). As a result, they exalt Tjukurpa who are the community founders. All plants are linked to ancestral beings that are used for several purposes including food, firewood, medicines, tobacco, and making ornaments (Thomas, 2008 p. 153). More importantly, the Anangu people ensure that wrong people including both the non- Aboriginal men and women do not get access to sacred sites. As a result, they give warnings through their newsflash lyrics that people should not walk in places where angels fear to tread signifying the upholding of beliefs (Australian Government, 2006, p.11).

Establishing a TBM on Site

Establishing a TBM on Site SRV P2. Our tutor gave us an OSBM and we had to establish a TBM on site by carrying out a series of flying levels. The equipment I used was a dumpy level, a tripod stand and a staff. We started by setting our equipment up, we had to make sure the stand was at an appropriate height that suited you and that the dumpy level was made level by adjusting it so the bubble was in the middle. Someone then stood at the point with the staff which we were asked to measure, in our case it was the drains. We made note of the measurement then moved the person with the staff moved to the next point. We then had to adjust the dumpy level to make it level again before we took another measurement. We kept the dumpy level in the same place until the staff got so far away that when we looked through the dumpy level it looked over the staff. This is when we moved the dumpy level; this would be our first change point. It continued until we reached the TBM. SRV M1. My Collimation method looks like; SRV P1. When our group carried out a linear survey surrounding a plot of land we first set up our ranging poles, these are cylinder shaped timber poles which are usually 2.5mm in length. We then used a fibreglass tape to measure the distance of each object from each pole. The accuracy of some measurements may be affected by a range of different reasons, for example; Slope If, on a 30m tape, the difference in height at each end is less than 600mm then accuracy can be achieved. Sag If the distance being measured was in an arc then the tape should sag more than 300mm in the centre of a 30m tape. Temperature If it is warmer than 20Â °c then this may cause the tape to expand or contract if it is cooler. However, if the temperature does not vary from 18Â °c then accuracy can be achieved. Tension To prevent the tape from sagging it may be pulled, this results in the tape stretching. These can often be avoided. Errors can also occur whilst booking and measuring. Examples of some errors could be, miscounting, misreading and recording the wrong measurement. If these mistakes do not get noticed early enough then the survey will have to be redone. The best way to avoid these mistakes is to double check that what you have written is the same as the measurement you have just read. However, not all errors are down to the person conducting the survey. Some errors may occur due to poor equipment. For example, using a tape that has expanded due to exposure to a high temperature or a tape that has been permanently stretched whilst trying to prevent it from sagging. You can prevent this by comparing the tape to a standard steel tape. Some errors may just be small. The surveyor could be short sighted therefore his readings are affected. The only way to overcome this error is for the surveyor to repeatedly check their readings.

Personal Narrative- Destruction of Nature Essay -- Personal Narrative

Personal Narrative- Destruction of Nature If you ever get a chance to visit Chaco Canyon National Monument in New Mexico, you should take the time to just stand in the desert and listen. The silence in this place is physical; you can feel it surround you. This is a silence with depth and layers that are unbroken even by the wind, which moves through emptiness and speaks only in occasional sighs through the canyons. The air itself is very clear—the lack of humidity gives the cliffs and buttes sharp lines, and the colors of the earth, though muted, stand in stark relief to the blueness of the sky. Night comes gradually to this place. The height and dryness of the air allows the stars to appear before the sun has set—creating an odd contrast of light and darkness in which night is falling on one horizon while the sun reddens the other. Standing on the cliff tops you can see the sky deepen from blue to black. At night the only lights come from the stars and moon, and the faint smear of light that is the city of Alb uquerque, fifty miles away. This small blemish on the horizon haunts my memory in some ways, like an eyelash in the eye, because I know that twenty years ago the night was perfectly dark. In his book Cosmos, Carl Sagan quotes two amateur astronomers as saying, â€Å"We have loved the stars too fondly to be fearful of the night.† But my question is, if we do not fear the darkness, why do we constantly seek to keep it at bay with our streetlights and floodlamps? Emerson declares that if man would be alone, let him look at the stars. With the defeat of the night, we have also blocked out the stars. Do we fear isolation? Or is it the undeniable presence of uncontrollable forces or of decay that is present and necessary to na... ... presence, and darkness is always present. We have created an isolation that leads us to fear the world that created us. Are we hopeless? I hope not, because the intellect and creativity and ingenuity of the human mind are beautiful things. I am not saying we should chuck it all and go back to nature. The natural world is a harsh, brutal and impartial place, and we as sentient beings could not fit in. Rather, I argue that â€Å"development† and â€Å"progress† should be holistic, an improvement of the mind and soul as well as the body. Thoreau once said that in wilderness can be found the salvation of the world. It forces us to turn outside of ourselves and seek a social consciousness that extends beyond â€Å"individual rights† to human rights, and a greater reconciliation with the world around us. Perhaps then we can accept the darkness, because we will no longer fear the night.

Customer Retention Essay

The easiest way to grow your customers is not to lose them The average business loses around 20 percent of its customers annually simply by failing to attend to customer relationships. In some industries this leakage is as high as 80 percent. The cost, in either case, is staggering, but few businesses truly understand the implications. Imagine two businesses, one that retains 90 percent of its customers, the other retaining 80 percent. If both add new customers at the rate of 20 percent per year, the first will have a 10 percent net growth in customers per year, while the other will have none. Over seven years, the first firm will virtually double, while the second will have no real growth. Everything else being equal, that 10-percent advantage in customer retention will result in a doubling of customers every seven years without doing anything else. The consequences of customer retention also compound over time, and in sometimes unexpected ways. Even a tiny change in customer retention can cascade through a business system and multiply over time. The resulting effect on long-term profit and growth shouldn’t be underestimated. Marketing Wizdom can introduce you to a number of simple customer retention strstegies that will cost you little or nothing to implement. Behind each technique listed here there is an in-depth step-by-step process that will increase your customer retention significantly once implemented, and will have a massive impact on your business. 1. Reducing Attrition Virtually every business loses some customers, but few ever measure or recognise how many of their customers become inactive. Most businesses, ironically, invest an enormous amount of time, effort and expense building that initial customer relationship. Then they let that relationship go unattended, in some cases even losing interest as soon as the sale been made, or even worse, they abandon the customer as soon as an easily remedied problem occurs, only to have to spend another small fortune to replace that customer. The easiest way to grow your business is not to lose your customers. Once you stop the leakage, it’s often possible to double or triple your growth rate because you’re no longer forced to make up lost ground just to stand still. 2. Sell and then sell again So many people do an excellent job of making the initial sale, then drop the ball and get complacent, ignoring the customer, while they chase more business. Your selling has actually only just begun when someone makes that initial purchase decision because virtually everyone is susceptible to buyer’s remorse. To lock in that sale, and all of the referrals and repeat business that will flow from it, you need to strike while the iron is hot to allay your customers’ fears and demonstrate by your actions that you really care. You should thank them and remind them again why they’ve made the right decision to deal with you †¦ and put a system in place to sell to them again, and again, constantly proving that they made the right decision. 3. Bring back the â€Å"lost sheep† There’s little point in dedicating massive resources to generating new customers when 25-60% of your dormant customers will be receptive to your attempts to regenerate their business if you approach them the right way, with the right offer. Reactivating customers who already know you and your product is one of the easiest, quickest ways to increase your revenues. Re-contacting and reminding them of your existence, finding out why they’re no longer buying, overcoming their objections and demonstrating that you still value and respect them will usually result in a tremendous bounty of sales and drastically increased revenues in a matter of days †¦ and will lead to some of your best and most loyal customers. 4. Frequent Communications Calendar Avoid losing your customers by building relationships and keeping in touch using a rolling calendar of communications. This is a programmed sequence of letters, events, phone calls, â€Å"thank you’s†, special offers, follow-ups, magic moments, and cards or notes with a personal touch etc. that occur constantly and automatically at defined points in the pre-sales, sales and post-sales process. People not only respond to this positively, they really appreciate it because they feel valued and important. It acknowledges them, keeps them informed, offsets post-purchase doubts, reinforces the reason they’re doing business with you and makes them feel part of your business so that they want to come back again and again. 5. Extraordinary Customer Service The never-ending pursuit of excellence to keep customers so satisfied that they tell others how well they were treated when doing business with you. Moving the product or service you deliver into the realm of the extraordinary by delivering higher than expected levels of service to each and every customer. Key facets include: dedication to customer satisfaction by every employee; providing immediate response; no buck passing; going above and beyond the call of duty; consistent on-time delivery; delivering what you promise before AND after the sale; a zero-defects and error-free-delivery process and recruiting outstanding people to deliver your customer service. Extraordinary service builds fortunes in repeat customers, whereas poor service will drive your customers to your competition. 6. Courtesy system A powerful system that improves the interpersonal skills of your team and changes the spirit of your organisation. It involves speaking to colleagues politely and pleasantly, without sarcasm or parody, and treating them at least as well as you would want them to treat your customers. This will help your team to feel worthwhile and important, which makes for pleasant social contacts at work. It also motivates them to provide extraordinary service, encourages them to be consistently pleasant in all of their dealings and to relate to customers in a warm, human and natural manner. This results in better, warmer, stronger, more trusting relationships and longer term bonds with your customers. 7. Product or service integrity Long-term success and customer retention belongs to those who do not take ethical shortcuts. There must always be total consistency between what you say and do and what your customers experience. The design, build quality, reliability and serviceability of your product or service must be of the standard your customers want, need and expect. Service integrity is also demonstrated by the way you handle the small things, as well as the large. Customers will be attracted to you if you are open and honest with them, care for them, take a genuine interest in them, don’t let them down and practice what you preach †¦ and they will avoid you if you don’t. 8. Measure lifetime value There’s a vast difference between the one-off profit you might make on an average sale, which ignores the bigger picture, and the total aggregate profit your average customer represents over the lifetime of their business relationship with you. Once you recognise how much combined profit a customer represents to your business when they purchase from you again and again, over the months, years or decades, you’ll realise the critical importance of taking good care of your customers. And because you’ll understand just how much time, effort and expense you can afford to invest in retaining that customer, you’ll be in control of your marketing expenditure. 9. A complaint is a gift 96 percent of dissatisfied customers don’t complain. They just walk away, and you’ll never know why. That’s because they often don’t know how to complain, or can’t be bothered, or are too frightened, or don’t believe it’ll make any difference. Whilst they may not tell you what’s wrong, they will certainly tell plenty of others. A system for unearthing complaints can therefore be the lifeblood of your business, because customers who complain are giving you a gift, they’re still talking to you, they’re giving you another opportunity to return them to a state of satisfaction and delight them and the manner in which you respond gives you another chance to show what you’re made of and create even greater customer loyalty.

The Casey Anthony Trail Essay - 542 Words

The Casey Anthony Trail, a case that lasted a month and a half was one that left everyone shocked, ending with no justice and a devastating result. It all started in 2008, when Caylee Anthony, a 2year old child went missing. The 2 year old’s mother, Casey Anthony stated to the police that the last time she has seen her daughter was when she dropped her off to the child’s babysitter. (Timeline of Casey Anthony Trial, ABC News Internet Ventures). However, things began to escalate when reporters stated that Casey didn’t report Caylee’s disappearance till a month later. At even that time, it wasn’t Casey who reported Caylee’s death; it was the grandmother, Cynthia Anthony, who was also known in this case at Cindy. (Chuck Hustmyre, Criminal†¦show more content†¦That same year, Casey was arrested for child neglect and left on a $500,000 bail, due to the human decomposition smell that was left in the car. (Timeline of Casey Anthony Trial, A BC News Internet Ventures). As the police and the investigators began their search, everything began to get intense. Detectives stated that they found strands of hair that matched Caylee’s hair in Casey’s Car. (Timeline of Casey Anthony Trial, ABC News Internet Ventures). When Casey was released from jail, she was sent right back it for first degree murder ; also she had been telling everyone false information. Everything she had stated was a lie. (Timeline of Casey Anthony Trial, ABC News Internet Ventures). As detectives continued their search, they found a Human Skull that belonged to a child about a half of a mile from where Casey lived; aswell as bones. Police stated that they are sure that Caylee is not alive, and that the remains do infact belong to her. (Timeline of Casey Anthony Trial, ABC News Internet Ventures). This became the saddest part of the trial for all people, including the judge, police , family and detectives. Prosecuters later in the trial announ ced that they will infact start to seek a death penalty on Casey. (CNN Library, Latest News, Cable News Network). On July 5, 2011, during all deliberations Casey was found guilty for false information that she was providing. However, she was found Not Guilty for 1st degree murder, Child Abuse,Show MoreRelatedCasey Anthony Trial782 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study 3: Casey Anthony Trial In June of 2008, Cynthia Anthony reported her two year old granddaughter, Caylee Anthony missing to the authorities of Orange County in Orlando, Florida. During questioning, Casey Anthony, the mother of Caylee Anthony informed the authorities that her child hand been abducted by her nanny and that she had been searching for her unsuccessfully for a month (Alvarez, 2011). Throughout the initial investigation, detectives found a number of inconsistenciesRead MoreEssay on Courtroom Tv974 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The Casey Anthony trial involves the death of her two year old daughter Caylee Anthony. Casey Anthony is accused of killing her daughter. Casey Anthony claims her two-year-old Caylee Anthony is missing On June 9, 2008 in Orange County, Florida. Anthony later tells police she dropped Caylee off at a babysitters apartment. The name that Casey had given to the police officers was Zenaida Fernandez-Gonzalez. On June 16th 2008 was the last Caylee grandparents saw her alive. Casey didn’t giveRead MoreA Historical Journey through the American Conscience: The Public and its Courts 1564 Words   |  7 Pagesnotorious case. Recently, another highly publicized case received the total attention of the nation: the trial of Ms. Casey Anthony. 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Do you thinkRead MoreThe Death Penalty Of The United States1746 Words   |  7 Pagesdefendant in most cases, have a major influence on the outcome of a trail. Retain that the reason they are provided is due to the fact most times the defendant in a capital case cannot afford one on his own. â€Å" In numerous cases, the appointed attorneys are overworked, underpaid, or lacking the trial experience required for death penalty cases† (working for an alternative to the death penalty). Provided attorneys have showed up to trails tired, unprepared, and even under the influence of alcohol. Do youRead MoreThe Legal System1357 Words   |  6 PagesIn my opinion the purpose of the legal system involves many things. The legal system provides everyone a fair and equal trail in the eyes of the law without prejudice. You are innocent until proven guilty and judged by a jury of your peers. The legal system helps to derive, e nact, and enforce laws to protect society and ensure domestic tranquility. Victims can get the justice they deserve when someone disrupts their daily lives and generates physical, mental, and/or emotional pain. The Legal StudiesRead MoreJury Nullification Essay1746 Words   |  7 Pagescould be retrieved or person would flee area before the warrant is presented. The bottom line is jury nullification is rare because there is no substantial evidence that can be brought into court to prove the offender is guilty. Unlike the Casey Anthony case, where they couldnt prove anything even though in our hearts we knew someone was covering for someone there was just not enough evidence to bring the case to a verdict. It’s unfair that a jury can throw a case out the window because theyRead MoreEssay Describing and Discussing the Processes and Challenges Involved in Identifying, Recovering, Securing, Examining, Analysing and Preparing Digital Evidence from a Crime Scene4924 Words   |  20 Pages Daniel, 2012). Digital evidence is defined as data stored or transmitted in a suspicious computer that used to support or refute of how an incident occurred, or show some elements about the incident such as the offenders intent or alibi (Eoghan Casey, 2011). Today, the weight of digital evidence in legal cases is increasing as digital evidence may possess the needed information in determining a crime is committed or not, helping the investigators build the link between the crime and its victimRead MoreJuvenile Right s Period : The Needs Of The Delinquents And Adult Offenders2154 Words   |  9 PagesJuvenile Delinquency course this semester is that young adults being tried as juveniles do not have their constitutional right to a trail by jury. Everything in their court case, meaning punishments, sentences, deviation, intake, arraignment, etc. is determined by the court appointed judge. If you try them as adults they are able to have the option to have a trail by a jury instead of by a judge. Although scientifically researched, there are far less pros about abolishing the juvenile delinquencyRead MoreDecision Making Is At The Core Of The United States Supreme Court2095 Words   |  9 Pagesfactors that affect a justice’s decision. First, it is important to note that Justice Anthony Kennedy has been deemed the ‘swingvote’ since the departure of Justice O’Connor and for good reason. Although a Reagan appointee, Kennedy has proven to make decisions that do not ultimately align with traditional Republican Party values. For example, in 1992 he joined O’Connor in reaffirming a woman’s right to an abortion in Casey v. Planned Parenthood. In 2000 Kennedy voted on behalf of Boy Scouts of America