Establishing a TBM on Site

Establishing a TBM on Site SRV P2. Our tutor gave us an OSBM and we had to establish a TBM on site by carrying out a series of flying levels. The equipment I used was a dumpy level, a tripod stand and a staff. We started by setting our equipment up, we had to make sure the stand was at an appropriate height that suited you and that the dumpy level was made level by adjusting it so the bubble was in the middle. Someone then stood at the point with the staff which we were asked to measure, in our case it was the drains. We made note of the measurement then moved the person with the staff moved to the next point. We then had to adjust the dumpy level to make it level again before we took another measurement. We kept the dumpy level in the same place until the staff got so far away that when we looked through the dumpy level it looked over the staff. This is when we moved the dumpy level; this would be our first change point. It continued until we reached the TBM. SRV M1. My Collimation method looks like; SRV P1. When our group carried out a linear survey surrounding a plot of land we first set up our ranging poles, these are cylinder shaped timber poles which are usually 2.5mm in length. We then used a fibreglass tape to measure the distance of each object from each pole. The accuracy of some measurements may be affected by a range of different reasons, for example; Slope If, on a 30m tape, the difference in height at each end is less than 600mm then accuracy can be achieved. Sag If the distance being measured was in an arc then the tape should sag more than 300mm in the centre of a 30m tape. Temperature If it is warmer than 20Â °c then this may cause the tape to expand or contract if it is cooler. However, if the temperature does not vary from 18Â °c then accuracy can be achieved. Tension To prevent the tape from sagging it may be pulled, this results in the tape stretching. These can often be avoided. Errors can also occur whilst booking and measuring. Examples of some errors could be, miscounting, misreading and recording the wrong measurement. If these mistakes do not get noticed early enough then the survey will have to be redone. The best way to avoid these mistakes is to double check that what you have written is the same as the measurement you have just read. However, not all errors are down to the person conducting the survey. Some errors may occur due to poor equipment. For example, using a tape that has expanded due to exposure to a high temperature or a tape that has been permanently stretched whilst trying to prevent it from sagging. You can prevent this by comparing the tape to a standard steel tape. Some errors may just be small. The surveyor could be short sighted therefore his readings are affected. The only way to overcome this error is for the surveyor to repeatedly check their readings.

Personal Narrative- Destruction of Nature Essay -- Personal Narrative

Personal Narrative- Destruction of Nature If you ever get a chance to visit Chaco Canyon National Monument in New Mexico, you should take the time to just stand in the desert and listen. The silence in this place is physical; you can feel it surround you. This is a silence with depth and layers that are unbroken even by the wind, which moves through emptiness and speaks only in occasional sighs through the canyons. The air itself is very clear—the lack of humidity gives the cliffs and buttes sharp lines, and the colors of the earth, though muted, stand in stark relief to the blueness of the sky. Night comes gradually to this place. The height and dryness of the air allows the stars to appear before the sun has set—creating an odd contrast of light and darkness in which night is falling on one horizon while the sun reddens the other. Standing on the cliff tops you can see the sky deepen from blue to black. At night the only lights come from the stars and moon, and the faint smear of light that is the city of Alb uquerque, fifty miles away. This small blemish on the horizon haunts my memory in some ways, like an eyelash in the eye, because I know that twenty years ago the night was perfectly dark. In his book Cosmos, Carl Sagan quotes two amateur astronomers as saying, â€Å"We have loved the stars too fondly to be fearful of the night.† But my question is, if we do not fear the darkness, why do we constantly seek to keep it at bay with our streetlights and floodlamps? Emerson declares that if man would be alone, let him look at the stars. With the defeat of the night, we have also blocked out the stars. Do we fear isolation? Or is it the undeniable presence of uncontrollable forces or of decay that is present and necessary to na... ... presence, and darkness is always present. We have created an isolation that leads us to fear the world that created us. Are we hopeless? I hope not, because the intellect and creativity and ingenuity of the human mind are beautiful things. I am not saying we should chuck it all and go back to nature. The natural world is a harsh, brutal and impartial place, and we as sentient beings could not fit in. Rather, I argue that â€Å"development† and â€Å"progress† should be holistic, an improvement of the mind and soul as well as the body. Thoreau once said that in wilderness can be found the salvation of the world. It forces us to turn outside of ourselves and seek a social consciousness that extends beyond â€Å"individual rights† to human rights, and a greater reconciliation with the world around us. Perhaps then we can accept the darkness, because we will no longer fear the night.

Customer Retention Essay

The easiest way to grow your customers is not to lose them The average business loses around 20 percent of its customers annually simply by failing to attend to customer relationships. In some industries this leakage is as high as 80 percent. The cost, in either case, is staggering, but few businesses truly understand the implications. Imagine two businesses, one that retains 90 percent of its customers, the other retaining 80 percent. If both add new customers at the rate of 20 percent per year, the first will have a 10 percent net growth in customers per year, while the other will have none. Over seven years, the first firm will virtually double, while the second will have no real growth. Everything else being equal, that 10-percent advantage in customer retention will result in a doubling of customers every seven years without doing anything else. The consequences of customer retention also compound over time, and in sometimes unexpected ways. Even a tiny change in customer retention can cascade through a business system and multiply over time. The resulting effect on long-term profit and growth shouldn’t be underestimated. Marketing Wizdom can introduce you to a number of simple customer retention strstegies that will cost you little or nothing to implement. Behind each technique listed here there is an in-depth step-by-step process that will increase your customer retention significantly once implemented, and will have a massive impact on your business. 1. Reducing Attrition Virtually every business loses some customers, but few ever measure or recognise how many of their customers become inactive. Most businesses, ironically, invest an enormous amount of time, effort and expense building that initial customer relationship. Then they let that relationship go unattended, in some cases even losing interest as soon as the sale been made, or even worse, they abandon the customer as soon as an easily remedied problem occurs, only to have to spend another small fortune to replace that customer. The easiest way to grow your business is not to lose your customers. Once you stop the leakage, it’s often possible to double or triple your growth rate because you’re no longer forced to make up lost ground just to stand still. 2. Sell and then sell again So many people do an excellent job of making the initial sale, then drop the ball and get complacent, ignoring the customer, while they chase more business. Your selling has actually only just begun when someone makes that initial purchase decision because virtually everyone is susceptible to buyer’s remorse. To lock in that sale, and all of the referrals and repeat business that will flow from it, you need to strike while the iron is hot to allay your customers’ fears and demonstrate by your actions that you really care. You should thank them and remind them again why they’ve made the right decision to deal with you †¦ and put a system in place to sell to them again, and again, constantly proving that they made the right decision. 3. Bring back the â€Å"lost sheep† There’s little point in dedicating massive resources to generating new customers when 25-60% of your dormant customers will be receptive to your attempts to regenerate their business if you approach them the right way, with the right offer. Reactivating customers who already know you and your product is one of the easiest, quickest ways to increase your revenues. Re-contacting and reminding them of your existence, finding out why they’re no longer buying, overcoming their objections and demonstrating that you still value and respect them will usually result in a tremendous bounty of sales and drastically increased revenues in a matter of days †¦ and will lead to some of your best and most loyal customers. 4. Frequent Communications Calendar Avoid losing your customers by building relationships and keeping in touch using a rolling calendar of communications. This is a programmed sequence of letters, events, phone calls, â€Å"thank you’s†, special offers, follow-ups, magic moments, and cards or notes with a personal touch etc. that occur constantly and automatically at defined points in the pre-sales, sales and post-sales process. People not only respond to this positively, they really appreciate it because they feel valued and important. It acknowledges them, keeps them informed, offsets post-purchase doubts, reinforces the reason they’re doing business with you and makes them feel part of your business so that they want to come back again and again. 5. Extraordinary Customer Service The never-ending pursuit of excellence to keep customers so satisfied that they tell others how well they were treated when doing business with you. Moving the product or service you deliver into the realm of the extraordinary by delivering higher than expected levels of service to each and every customer. Key facets include: dedication to customer satisfaction by every employee; providing immediate response; no buck passing; going above and beyond the call of duty; consistent on-time delivery; delivering what you promise before AND after the sale; a zero-defects and error-free-delivery process and recruiting outstanding people to deliver your customer service. Extraordinary service builds fortunes in repeat customers, whereas poor service will drive your customers to your competition. 6. Courtesy system A powerful system that improves the interpersonal skills of your team and changes the spirit of your organisation. It involves speaking to colleagues politely and pleasantly, without sarcasm or parody, and treating them at least as well as you would want them to treat your customers. This will help your team to feel worthwhile and important, which makes for pleasant social contacts at work. It also motivates them to provide extraordinary service, encourages them to be consistently pleasant in all of their dealings and to relate to customers in a warm, human and natural manner. This results in better, warmer, stronger, more trusting relationships and longer term bonds with your customers. 7. Product or service integrity Long-term success and customer retention belongs to those who do not take ethical shortcuts. There must always be total consistency between what you say and do and what your customers experience. The design, build quality, reliability and serviceability of your product or service must be of the standard your customers want, need and expect. Service integrity is also demonstrated by the way you handle the small things, as well as the large. Customers will be attracted to you if you are open and honest with them, care for them, take a genuine interest in them, don’t let them down and practice what you preach †¦ and they will avoid you if you don’t. 8. Measure lifetime value There’s a vast difference between the one-off profit you might make on an average sale, which ignores the bigger picture, and the total aggregate profit your average customer represents over the lifetime of their business relationship with you. Once you recognise how much combined profit a customer represents to your business when they purchase from you again and again, over the months, years or decades, you’ll realise the critical importance of taking good care of your customers. And because you’ll understand just how much time, effort and expense you can afford to invest in retaining that customer, you’ll be in control of your marketing expenditure. 9. A complaint is a gift 96 percent of dissatisfied customers don’t complain. They just walk away, and you’ll never know why. That’s because they often don’t know how to complain, or can’t be bothered, or are too frightened, or don’t believe it’ll make any difference. Whilst they may not tell you what’s wrong, they will certainly tell plenty of others. A system for unearthing complaints can therefore be the lifeblood of your business, because customers who complain are giving you a gift, they’re still talking to you, they’re giving you another opportunity to return them to a state of satisfaction and delight them and the manner in which you respond gives you another chance to show what you’re made of and create even greater customer loyalty.

The Casey Anthony Trail Essay - 542 Words

The Casey Anthony Trail, a case that lasted a month and a half was one that left everyone shocked, ending with no justice and a devastating result. It all started in 2008, when Caylee Anthony, a 2year old child went missing. The 2 year old’s mother, Casey Anthony stated to the police that the last time she has seen her daughter was when she dropped her off to the child’s babysitter. (Timeline of Casey Anthony Trial, ABC News Internet Ventures). However, things began to escalate when reporters stated that Casey didn’t report Caylee’s disappearance till a month later. At even that time, it wasn’t Casey who reported Caylee’s death; it was the grandmother, Cynthia Anthony, who was also known in this case at Cindy. (Chuck Hustmyre, Criminal†¦show more content†¦That same year, Casey was arrested for child neglect and left on a $500,000 bail, due to the human decomposition smell that was left in the car. (Timeline of Casey Anthony Trial, A BC News Internet Ventures). As the police and the investigators began their search, everything began to get intense. Detectives stated that they found strands of hair that matched Caylee’s hair in Casey’s Car. (Timeline of Casey Anthony Trial, ABC News Internet Ventures). When Casey was released from jail, she was sent right back it for first degree murder ; also she had been telling everyone false information. Everything she had stated was a lie. (Timeline of Casey Anthony Trial, ABC News Internet Ventures). As detectives continued their search, they found a Human Skull that belonged to a child about a half of a mile from where Casey lived; aswell as bones. Police stated that they are sure that Caylee is not alive, and that the remains do infact belong to her. (Timeline of Casey Anthony Trial, ABC News Internet Ventures). This became the saddest part of the trial for all people, including the judge, police , family and detectives. Prosecuters later in the trial announ ced that they will infact start to seek a death penalty on Casey. (CNN Library, Latest News, Cable News Network). On July 5, 2011, during all deliberations Casey was found guilty for false information that she was providing. However, she was found Not Guilty for 1st degree murder, Child Abuse,Show MoreRelatedCasey Anthony Trial782 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study 3: Casey Anthony Trial In June of 2008, Cynthia Anthony reported her two year old granddaughter, Caylee Anthony missing to the authorities of Orange County in Orlando, Florida. During questioning, Casey Anthony, the mother of Caylee Anthony informed the authorities that her child hand been abducted by her nanny and that she had been searching for her unsuccessfully for a month (Alvarez, 2011). Throughout the initial investigation, detectives found a number of inconsistenciesRead MoreEssay on Courtroom Tv974 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The Casey Anthony trial involves the death of her two year old daughter Caylee Anthony. Casey Anthony is accused of killing her daughter. Casey Anthony claims her two-year-old Caylee Anthony is missing On June 9, 2008 in Orange County, Florida. Anthony later tells police she dropped Caylee off at a babysitters apartment. The name that Casey had given to the police officers was Zenaida Fernandez-Gonzalez. On June 16th 2008 was the last Caylee grandparents saw her alive. Casey didn’t giveRead MoreA Historical Journey through the American Conscience: The Public and its Courts 1564 Words   |  7 Pagesnotorious case. Recently, another highly publicized case received the total attention of the nation: the trial of Ms. Casey Anthony. The case of Anthony, accused of brutally murdering her own two-year-old daughter, produced millions of reactions from Americans watching, and communicating about, the trial through current, advanced technology. Similar to the Simpson case, Anthony seemed to be guilty; she was a single, young, partying mother who failed to report her daughter missing for one completeRead MoreThe Death Penalty Of The United States1733 Words   |  7 Pagesa defendant in most cases, have a major influence on the outcome of a trail. First off, the reason they are provided is because most times the defendant in a capital case cannot afford one on his own. â€Å" In many cases, the appointed attorneys are overworked, underpaid, or lacking the trial experience required for death penalty cases† (working for an alternative to the death penalty). Provided attorneys have showed up to trai ls tired, unprepared, and even under the influence of alcohol. Do you thinkRead MoreThe Death Penalty Of The United States1746 Words   |  7 Pagesdefendant in most cases, have a major influence on the outcome of a trail. Retain that the reason they are provided is due to the fact most times the defendant in a capital case cannot afford one on his own. â€Å" In numerous cases, the appointed attorneys are overworked, underpaid, or lacking the trial experience required for death penalty cases† (working for an alternative to the death penalty). Provided attorneys have showed up to trails tired, unprepared, and even under the influence of alcohol. Do youRead MoreThe Legal System1357 Words   |  6 PagesIn my opinion the purpose of the legal system involves many things. The legal system provides everyone a fair and equal trail in the eyes of the law without prejudice. You are innocent until proven guilty and judged by a jury of your peers. The legal system helps to derive, e nact, and enforce laws to protect society and ensure domestic tranquility. Victims can get the justice they deserve when someone disrupts their daily lives and generates physical, mental, and/or emotional pain. The Legal StudiesRead MoreJury Nullification Essay1746 Words   |  7 Pagescould be retrieved or person would flee area before the warrant is presented. The bottom line is jury nullification is rare because there is no substantial evidence that can be brought into court to prove the offender is guilty. Unlike the Casey Anthony case, where they couldnt prove anything even though in our hearts we knew someone was covering for someone there was just not enough evidence to bring the case to a verdict. It’s unfair that a jury can throw a case out the window because theyRead MoreEssay Describing and Discussing the Processes and Challenges Involved in Identifying, Recovering, Securing, Examining, Analysing and Preparing Digital Evidence from a Crime Scene4924 Words   |  20 Pages Daniel, 2012). Digital evidence is defined as data stored or transmitted in a suspicious computer that used to support or refute of how an incident occurred, or show some elements about the incident such as the offenders intent or alibi (Eoghan Casey, 2011). Today, the weight of digital evidence in legal cases is increasing as digital evidence may possess the needed information in determining a crime is committed or not, helping the investigators build the link between the crime and its victimRead MoreJuvenile Right s Period : The Needs Of The Delinquents And Adult Offenders2154 Words   |  9 PagesJuvenile Delinquency course this semester is that young adults being tried as juveniles do not have their constitutional right to a trail by jury. Everything in their court case, meaning punishments, sentences, deviation, intake, arraignment, etc. is determined by the court appointed judge. If you try them as adults they are able to have the option to have a trail by a jury instead of by a judge. Although scientifically researched, there are far less pros about abolishing the juvenile delinquencyRead MoreDecision Making Is At The Core Of The United States Supreme Court2095 Words   |  9 Pagesfactors that affect a justice’s decision. First, it is important to note that Justice Anthony Kennedy has been deemed the ‘swingvote’ since the departure of Justice O’Connor and for good reason. Although a Reagan appointee, Kennedy has proven to make decisions that do not ultimately align with traditional Republican Party values. For example, in 1992 he joined O’Connor in reaffirming a woman’s right to an abortion in Casey v. Planned Parenthood. In 2000 Kennedy voted on behalf of Boy Scouts of America